SHAKESPEARE

TECHNIQUES D'ANNEXION DE CHAMPS CULTURELS
PAR UNE BANDE DESSINÉE / ÉTUDE DE CAS: SANDMAN

This video is the adaptation of a conference given on April 23, 2019 at the Catholic University of Leuven, in Leuven, Belgium, and organized by Fanny Geuzaine and the GEMCA, ECR & GRIT research groups. The images are a slight adaptation of the PowerPoint used during the conference.


Abstract: Neil Gaiman's Sandman is fraught with varied intertexts, from the DC Universe to the history of comics, visual arts and literature. Medieval epic poetry, Elisabethan theatre, myths and legends are among the numerous elements that contribute to building up this giant fantasy crossover. The way those intertexts are integrated into the work is distinctive. In a gesture of sweeping metafiction, Sandman characterizes Shakespeare or figures from religious myth as subjects to the protagonist, a metaphysical monarch reigning over dreams and stories. Thus, and by simultaneously depicting Shakespeare as some forerunner of modern-day fantasy, by making more explicit the links between DC characters and their Biblical models, Sandman annexes other cultural fields within the field of fantasy. The same strategy can be perceived in several graphic choices, like quoting the spatio-topical structure of Little Nemo while juxtaposing it with the contents of Jack Kirby's old Sandman, thus creating both an uncanny atmosphere and a historical panorama of how dreams have been depicted in comics. Finally, Dave McKean's avant-garde covers allow the series to show off from the get-go its subversive drive regarding comic book canons. Contemporary art is thus used as a tool to advance Sandman's all-encompassing fantasy agenda. The series therefore appears as sort of counterpart to "postmodern" experimental works that draw from popular genres and culture to use them as tools for the avant-garde's subversion of language and representation.


Youtube link of the video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5FfEqCKAmg



MYTHE ET FABULATION DANS LA FICTION FANTASTIQUE ET MERVEILLEUSE DE NEIL GAIMAN
Academic essay (critical analysis of novels, short stories, comics and films written by Neil Gaiman mainly, but also of works by  Alan Moore, Shakespeare, Borges, Lovecraft, Philip José Farmer, Jack Kirby, Winsor McCay, Roger Avary, and many others). Released in October 2018 and adapted from my doctoral thesis.

Back cover: Neil Gaiman’s fantasy works are often deemed postmodernist since they experiment with self-reflexivity and mix it with a supposedly antagonistic impulse towards popular fiction. Typical postmodernist works mostly emphasize their attacks against the fictional illusions of referentiality, character or plot. On the contrary, Gaiman’s works unapologetically remain within the bounds of fantasy, a genre in which imagination and storytelling are paramount–along with their related issues: characterization, plot, emotion and suspense. Thus, Gaiman’s fiction is not experimental fiction enhanced with elements of popular fiction, but actual popular fiction made self-reflexive. Thanks to that peculiar mood, studying Gaiman’s work is a very fruitful means of investigating the distinctive features of popular fiction, and its inherent emphasis on storytelling–or, as Henri Bergson called it, “fabulation.” Both Bergson and Frank McConnell focused on this notion which they saw as the essential link between ancient mythmaking and today’s fiction writing. Gaiman’s fiction mostly relies on such a dialectics between myth, popular fiction and storytelling or fabulation. His fantasy stories constantly rewrite ancient, religious myths, modern myths or the “myths” of popular fiction, and feature many fictional and historical writers, traditional storytellers, or Gaiman’s own personae, so that in paratext as well as in the heart of a narrative, in the quiet and supposedly reliable words of an introduction as surely as on the most striking comics panels, fiction is portrayed as myth, writers as mythical avatars of some archetypal storyteller, and storytelling as the one, quintessential human act.

Page of the book on the publisher's website:

 CALIBAN N°52

CALIBAN AND HIS TRANSMUTATIONS
Caliban et ses avatars
This collective collection of article was published in 2014 as the fiftieth anniversary issue of the journal Caliban. It was edited by Françoise Besson, Philippe Birgy, Roland Bouyssou, Jean-Louis Breteau, Jean-Paul Débax, Albert Poyet and Marcienne Rocard, and it is about the thousand reinventions of the character Caliban, and of Shakespeare's play The Tempest in general, in world culture. It contains my article: "Calibans for the 1990s and 2000s: Shakespeare and Fantasy in the Age of 'Professional Fan Fiction' and Integrative Fiction".

The article studies the rewrites of Caliban and The Tempest in various parodic works or various crossover works of literature and comics belonging to the genres of fantasy, fantasy and/or science fiction, and published in the 1990s and 2000s (specifically: Alan Moore's The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen comics series, Neil Gaiman's Sandman comics series, Nigel A. Sellars's short story "The Confessions of Caliban", and the novels Caliban's Hour by Tad Williams and Iliad and Olympos by Dan Simmons).

Page of the book on the publisher's site:

My article (as well as the whole issue) can also be read online:
Share by: